Tohono O’odham Poet, Linguist, and Cultural Preservationist
Rooted in the Sonoran Desert and Tohono O’odham Heritage
Ofelia Zepeda is one of Arizona’s most important literary voices and a nationally recognized poet and linguist. A member of the Tohono O’odham Nation, Zepeda was born and raised in Stanfield, Arizona—a community nestled in the Sonoran Desert. Her poetry is shaped by the rhythms of desert life and the enduring cultural practices of her people. Zepeda’s work captures the delicate balance between language, land, and legacy, while illuminating the experiences of contemporary Indigenous life in Southern Arizona.
Academic Achievements and Linguistic Legacy
Zepeda earned her BA, MA, and PhD in linguistics from the University of Arizona, where she has become a vital figure in Indigenous language preservation. She is the author of A Papago Grammar (1983), one of the first comprehensive grammars of the Tohono O’odham language (formerly known as Papago). Her academic work goes hand-in-hand with her poetic voice, serving as a powerful tool to sustain and celebrate the O’odham language.
As a longtime professor at the University of Arizona, Zepeda has directed the American Indian Studies Program and currently leads the American Indian Language Development Institute (AILDI), which provides training and support to Native communities working to revitalize their languages. She also serves as the editor of Sun Tracks, a groundbreaking literary series at the University of Arizona Press devoted to publishing Native American writers and artists.
Poetry Grounded in Language and Land
Ofelia Zepeda is the author of two celebrated collections of poetry: Ocean Power: Poems from the Desert (1995) and Jewed’I-hoi / Earth Movements: O’odham Poems (1996). These collections weave together the cultural and linguistic threads of the Tohono O’odham people, offering bilingual poems that honor traditional songs, sacred spaces, and the natural world. Zepeda’s work often features “code-switching” between English and O’odham, creating a layered, living representation of her heritage.
Her poetry is deeply sensory—filled with desert imagery, familial memory, and cultural ceremony. As reviewer Dennis Holt wrote in Drunken Boat, Zepeda’s writing represents a “cultural mélange,” where language and landscape move in harmony. Whether writing about sacred spaces or everyday observations, Zepeda captures the spiritual power and complexity of Indigenous desert life.
National Recognition and the MacArthur Fellowship
In 1999, Ofelia Zepeda was awarded a prestigious MacArthur Fellowship—also known as the “Genius Grant”—for her groundbreaking work as a poet, educator, and language activist. She has also received funding from the Endangered Language Fund to support the Tohono O’odham Dictionary Project and other language revitalization efforts.
Zepeda’s contributions have had a lasting impact not only in Arizona, but across the country. She has become a beacon of Indigenous representation in American letters and a role model for Native writers and linguists alike.
Advocate, Educator, and Keeper of Words
Beyond her poetry, Zepeda is a tireless advocate for Indigenous education and community empowerment. Through her work at AILDI and the Sun Tracks series, she has mentored countless Native writers and helped bring Indigenous stories into classrooms and libraries throughout Arizona and beyond.
Her poetry and scholarship have been featured in literary journals, anthologies, and educational curricula, and she continues to write and speak at conferences and events across the country. Her ability to bridge academia and artistry makes her one of Arizona’s most enduring cultural figures.
Ofelia Zepeda’s Legacy in Arizona Poetry
Ofelia Zepeda’s life work is a testament to the transformative power of poetry, language, and cultural memory. From her roots in Stanfield to her leadership at the University of Arizona, Zepeda has carried the voice of her people into the wider world. Her poetry offers a deeply spiritual and intellectual journey through the Sonoran Desert and the living language of the Tohono O’odham Nation.